How Did Industrialization Change The Face Of Cities
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the belatedly 18th century. Through raw materials, the comeback of machinery and transportation, which created many more factories, lead to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. While nosotros consider information technology a great achievement in history, many people of Europe at the time suffered through the new changes. In fact, the revolution changed almost every aspect of their lives. Many new workers had to drift to cities for work. Here they faced difficulties with pollution, health, affliction, poverty, and criminal offense. These social issues were all results of the Industrial Revolution and the changes to the cities. We cannot help but ask ourselves this question: How did industrialization transform cities and the urban feel?
POLLUTION
Date: Tardily 19th century
A rising trouble that came from the Industrial Revolutionwas pollution. With all of the mechanism improvements and the building of large factories, 2 different types of pollution (air and water pollution) arose. Many factories were meshed together and located on the edge of the rivers. Coal was the main energy source for these factories, and the smoke from the coal was released into the air. This caused smog to course throughout the cities, and dangerous chemicals polluted the air. From the Clarification of Manchester, Friedrich Engels states, "In dry weather, a long string of the near disgusting, blackish-dark-green, slime pools are left standing on this bank, from the depths of which bubbles of miasmatic gas constantly arise and give forth a stench unendurable even on the bridge twoscore or l feet to a higher place the surface of the stream."i Standards of Living describes the problems associated with sewage run off, "In some cases town sewage was immune to flow into the rivers from which the water companies were taking their water supply."two The factories were tied closely to the rivers, which acquired pollution to runoff into several main water sources. This contamination lead to water pollution. Friedrich Engels emphasizes that many rivers, which were used for drinking h2o, became polluted by runoff from factories. Later, the British still drank the h2o, which fabricated the bulk of the population ill. The overcrowding of the metropolis led to a higher percentage of disease and made it easier for illness to spread. For more information on pollution, click here.
Is pollution just due to human action?
HEALTH AND DISEASE
Source: Cartoon from Punch Magazine, Volume 35 Page 137; 10 July 1858 Date: 1858Due east
Many diseases and health bug occurred considering of pollution. During this era the public lacked cognition of full general hygiene, which led to sanitary issues. The outcome caused many people to have a low immune systems, making them easily susceptible to diseases such as cholera, smallpox, typhoid, and tuberculosis. Subsequently, many factories dealt with air pollution resulting in the spread of airborne diseases. This was caused by dangerous chemicals from industrial factories. The public often inhaled this substance, causing many people to contract tuberculosis (TB). Another consequence was water pollution which caused i of the almost feared diseases of this era, cholera. The public contracted cholera by drinking the contaminated water from the rivers, causing major health problems. From "Health and Hygiene in the Nineteenth Century", Bruce Haley states, "before information technology had run its course it claimed 52,000 lives". He then goes on to state, "the progress of the affliction in cholera victim was a frightening spectacle: ii of 3 died of diarrhea which increased intensity and became accompanied by painful retching; thirst and aridity; sever hurting in limbs, stomach, and intestinal muscles; a change pare hue to a sort of bluish-grey."3 This disease caused fear and panic considering most people used river water as their master source of drinking water. Most chiefly this result is essential to living standards because you cannot survive without h2o.
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POVERTY AND DESTITUTION
The ascension of The European population led to overcrowding, and as a result many people were forced into poverty.
Source: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGAJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA301
Author: Google browse of 1864 volume past Henry Mayhew & John Binny
Date: 1864
People who lived in poverty could non support family living standards. From "Slums and Slumming in Late-Victorian London", Dr. Andrzej Diniejko said, "in the concluding decade of the nineteenth century London'southward population expanded to four million, which spurred a high demand for cheap housing. London slums arose initially as a upshot of rapid population growth and industrialization."4 The nearly mutual slums were in East London, which became known as "darkest London". East London was more often than not inhabited by the working classes, consisting of: native English language population, Irish immigrants, immigrants from Primal and Eastern Europe, poor Russians, and Polish and German Jews. From "The Learning Curve, Crime and Punishment", it lists the post-obit equally nearly common crimes: Murder, burglary, robbery, receiving stolen goods, assaulting and inflicting bodily harm, shooting and stabbing.5 There was no modern police force earlier the Industrial Revolution. The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 was established making this modern police strength an immediate success. From "Crime and the Industrial Revolution: British and American Views", Roger Lane states that, "Much of the impetus came from Methodists concerned with reforming the vicious habits of the poor."6 The creation of the Metropolitan Police Human action came from loftier concerns regarding crime caused by the poor. Another surface area of criminal offence was the working class which often attacked factories. 1 example of this was from Labor Protest: Luddite Attack on a Water-Powered Cloth Mill in the Due west Riding of Yorkshire, which talked about attacks on a water-powered fabric mill. Workers were angry at the machinery that overtook their jobs, and so they bankrupt into this mill and destroyed all of the machinery within.7 It'south clear that the working class had acrimony for low wages and would fight for better living standards. This frustration represents the anger related to the machinery replacements. In plough, this resulted in a high rate of law-breaking during the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental foundation of transforming cities and the urban experience. Europeans faced problems such as pollution, health, disease, poverty, and crime. Factories were shaped identically along the riverside. This resulted in the get-go generation of pollution. As this development continued, the water became contaminated. Along with air pollution, this caused an uprise in new diseases such equally: cholera, smallpox, typhoid, and tuberculosis. In some cases these diseases led to expiry. Cholera was considered to exist the nigh dangerous, and this disease made the pubic uneasy because it was straight correlated to their drinking water. Without water the population couldn't survive, but information technology also had the potential of making you extremely sick. Overcrowding was some other effect that struck fear into this era. The result of overcrowding forced a bulk of Europeans into poverty. Which then led to a higher rate in law-breaking. These crimes consisted of murder, burglary, robbery, receiving stolen appurtenances, assaulting and inflicting bodily damage, shooting and stabbing. In gild to institute the remainder of crime, The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 was established. This helped create social club and residue for the Industrial Revolution.
In conclusion, there is no doubt the Industrial Revolution had a major impact on the transformation of cities and the urban experience. More chiefly, the Revolution helps modernistic 24-hour interval research sympathize the positives and negatives of this generation.
1. Friedrich, Engels. The Status of the Working-Class in England in 1844. Translated by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. London. 45-53. "n.d."
two. Dean, Phyllis. "The First Industrial Revolution." Google Books. Syndicate of the U of Cambridge,n.d. Web. 3 May 2016. <https://books.google.com/books?
3. Douglas, Laurelyn. "Health and Hygiene in the Nineteenth Century." The Victorian Spider web. Last modified October 11, 2002. Spider web. http://www.victorianweb.org/science/wellness/health10.html .
4. Litt, Dr. Andrezej D., ed. "Slums and Slumming in Late-Victorian London." The Victorian Web. Terminal modified October three, 2013. Web. http://www.victorianweb.org/history/slums.html .
5. Culpin, Chris. "Crime and Punishment Statistics."National Archives. Ed. Tom O' Leary and Emma Nixon. N.p., n.d. Web. i May 2016 <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland/instruction/candp/crime/ g07/g07cs2.htm>.
6. Lane, Roger. Crime and the Industrial Revolution: British and American Views: Journal of Social History. Vol. 7.three: 287–303. Web.
7. Wiesner, Merry, Andrew Evans, William Wheeler, and Julius Ruff. "Labor Erstwhile and New: The Bear upon of the Industrial Revolution." In Discovering The Western Past: A Look At The Testify , 133-67. Seventh ed. Vol. 2. Stamford, CT: n.p., 2008.
Source: https://foundations.uwgb.org/industrialization-and-the-transformation-of-cities-in-the-urban-experience/
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